Tag: Case Update

Arizona Supreme Court: State Entitled to Absolute Immunity for Road’s Original Design Despite Subsequent Material Change to Travel Conditions

April 2016 | Category: Significant Cases

In Glazer v. State, 237 Ariz. 160 (2015), the Arizona Supreme Court held that A.R.S. § 12-820.03—an affirmative defense against claims for injuries arising out of an original plan or design for the construction of a roadway so long as the original plan or design complied with generally accepted standards—is available […]

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Ninth Circuit Clarifies Punitive Damages Standard in § 1983 Action

April 2016 | Category: Significant Cases

In Castro v. County of Los Angeles, 785 F.3d 336 (9th Cir. 2015), the Ninth Circuit held that the deliberate-indifference standard for constitutional violations and the reckless-indifference standard for punitive damages in § 1983 cases are synonymous. Thus, juries “have the discretion to impose punitive damages if they believe further punishment […]

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